Drunken Master (1978)
Drunken Master is a 1978 Hong Kong martial arts comedy film directed by Yuen Woo-ping, and starring Jackie Chan, Yuen Siu-tien, and Hwang Jang-lee. It was a success at the Hong Kong box office, earning two and a half times the amount of Yuen’s and Chan’s previous film, Snake in the Eagle’s Shadow, which was also considered a hit. It is an early milestone of the kung fu comedy genre, and helped make Jackie Chan famous in Asia. The film popularised the Zui Quan (“drunken fist”) infused with unique animal fighting style. In 2017, it was ranked number 3 on GamesRadar’s list of 50 greatest kung fu movies of all time. It spawned an official sequel, Drunken Master II (1994), and several spin-offs. It had a significant cultural impact, inspiring numerous later films, music, manga, anime and video games.
Plot.
he plot centers on a young and mischievous Wong Fei-hung (sometimes dubbed as “Freddie Wong”). Wong runs into a series of troubles. Firstly, he teaches an overbearing assistant martial arts teacher a lesson. Next, he makes advances on a woman to impress his friends, and is soundly thrashed by her older female guardian as a result; his shame is compounded when these two are later revealed to be his visiting aunt and cousin, whom he had not met before. Lastly, he beats up a hooligan who turns out to be the son of an influential man in town. His father decides to punish him for his behavior by making him train harder in martial arts. Wong’s father arranges for Beggar So to train his son in martial arts. Beggar So has a reputation for crippling his students during training so Wong flees from home in an attempt to escape his punishment. Penniless, he stops at a restaurant and tries to con a fellow patron into offering him a free meal.
As he was about to leave after his meal, he discovers that the man is actually the owner of the restaurant. He fights with the owner’s lackeys in an attempt to escape. An old drunkard nearby is drawn into the fight and helps him escape. The drunkard turns out to be Beggar So, the Drunken Master. (Beggar So is known in some versions of the film as Sam Seed, So Hi or Su Hua-chi)
Beggar So forces Wong into his brutal and rigorous training programme. Wong flees again to avoid the torturous training and runs into the notorious killer Yim Tit-sam (known in some versions as Thunderfoot or Thunderleg) by accident. Yim is known for his “Devil’s Kick”, a swift and deadly kicking style which has never been defeated. Wong provokes and challenges him to a fight and is soundly defeated and humiliated. He makes his way back to Beggar So and decides to commit himself to the Drunken Master’s training program.
Background.
The film’s protagonist Wong Fei-hung was a Chinese martial artist, a traditional Chinese medicine practitioner and a revolutionary who lived towards the end of the Qing Dynasty. He became a Chinese folk hero and the subject of several Hong Kong television programmes and films. Beggar So, who plays a supporting role in the film, is also another character from Chinese folklore and one of the Ten Tigers of Canton. The Beggar So character is often cast as an associate of Wong Fei-hung or Wong’s uncle.RELATED:
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Fight scenes and martial arts.
A number of notable fights are featured in the film, almost all of them with strong elements of comedy—from the game of Keep Away with Wong Kei-ying’s cocky, but incompetent, assistant kung fu instructor, to the novel “head-fu” fighting style used by one of his opponents. The film features the Hung Ga system of fighting, which was historically practiced by Wong Fei-hung and his father Wong Kei-ying, both of whom are major characters in the film. The animal styles of Snake, Crane, and Tiger performed in the film are derived wholly from the Hung Ga system and bear only a tangential relationship to the Fujian White Crane, Lama Pai (Tibetan White Crane), Black Tiger, and Snake systems of kung fu. Monkey style kung fu, popular in Southern Chinese martial arts performances, is also shown briefly.
Numerous systems of kung fu include “Drunken Boxing” forms (e.g. Choi Lei Fut and Drunken Monkey), and the Taoist Eight Immortals are popular staples of Chinese culture and art. However, the “Eight Drunken Immortals” forms depicted in this film are likely the creation of director and choreographer Yuen Woo-ping and based on routines found in other systems.
The primary villain in Drunken Master is played by Hwang Jang-lee, a Korean martial artist specialising in Taekwondo and known for his high-flying kicks, which are prominently displayed in the film. The systems of “Devil’s Kick” and “Devil’s Shadowless Hands” employed by Thunderleg are entirely fictitious.
According to his book I Am Jackie Chan: My Life in Action, Chan nearly lost an eye after his brow ridge was injured.
Box office.
At the Hong Kong box office, Drunken Master earned an impressive HK$6,763,793 (US$1,445,255). It was the second most popular film in Hong Kong in 1978 behind the Hui brothers’ The Contract and third on the all-time list. In Japan, where it released on 21 July 1979, it became one of the year’s top ten highest-grossing films, earning ¥1.9 billion (US$8.7 million). In South Korea, it was the highest-grossing film of 1979, with 898,561 box admissions in Seoul City, equivalent to an estimated ₩1,347,842,000 (US$2,784,800). The film also broke records in Malaysia and Singapore. In Germany, where it was released as Sie nannten ihn Knochenbrecher (“They Called Him Bone Breaker”) on 25 July 1980, it was the 41st highest-grossing film of the year, selling 584,312 tickets, equivalent to an estimated €1,460,780 (US$2,063,606). In Spain, the film sold 823,203 tickets, equivalent to an estimated €1,070,164 (US$1,489,989). Combined, the film grossed an estimated total of approximately US$16,483,650 (equivalent to $68,000,000 in 2021) in East Asia and Europe.
Home media.
On 24 April 2000, Hong Kong Legends released a DVD in the United Kingdom. The image is cropped from 2:35:1 to 1:78:1 and has the Mandarin soundtrack with dubtitles. However, it has a number of additional features including a deleted scene and an interview with producer Ng See-yuen. On 2 April 2002, Columbia Pictures released a DVD in the United States. Despite a 2:35:1 image and the inclusion of the original Cantonese track, the audio is incomplete in some sections (reverting to the English dub) and contains dubtitles. There’s an audio commentary by Ric Meyers and Jeff Yang. On 18 March 2004, HKVideo released a “Wong Fei Hung” DVD boxset in France containing this film (French title: “Le maître chinois”) and two others. It contains a full 2:35:1 image and the Cantonese soundtrack. However, it contains slightly poorer image quality and no English subtitles. On 30 April 2004, Mei Ah Entertainment released a remastered DVD in Hong Kong (pictured right). It contains a 2:35:1 image, Cantonese Dolby Digital 5.1 track, original Cantonese Dolby Digital 2.0 mono track and Mandarin Dolby Digital 2.0 mono track. Subtitles include Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese and English.RELATED:
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Fashion, Film.
During the late 1970s to early 1980s, Jackie Chan’s shoulder-length hairstyle in Drunken Master became popular across Asia, widely adopted by both men and women across the region. Edgar Wright’s The World’s End (2013) had drunken pub fight scenes inspired by Drunken Master. The film’s fight scenes were choregraphed by Brad Allan, who was part of the Jackie Chan Stunt Team during the 1990s to 2000s.
Manga and anime.
Manga author Akira Toriyama cited Drunken Master as one of his major inspirations for the Dragon Ball series of shōnen manga and anime, along with Bruce Lee’s Enter the Dragon (1973) and the Chinese novel Journey to the West. Toriyama said that he would never have come up with Dragon Ball if he had not watched Drunken Master,[ and he was drawn to its more light-hearted tone. Drunken Master also served as a reference for the training scenes. The series pays homage to Drunken Master when the first tournament is held, where Kame-Sennin (Master Roshi) is disguised as “Jackie Chun” and he tries to use a Drunken Fist technique on Son Goku (Goku). In the Naruto series, one of the characters ‘Rock Lee’ is seen performing similar fighting styles after consuming alcohol. Known as the ‘Drunken Fist’ in the series’ Japanese version and the ‘Loopy Fist’ in the English.